Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology

1. About the Department :

The Department was established in the year 1930 as Materia Medica. In 1960s, the Department was renamed as Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology. The Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology is engaged in teaching and relevant researches since long back and a series of curricular and non-curricular research projects have been undertaken and successfully completed with some results of very high practical utility. Altogether 26 M.V.Sc. and 3 Ph.D Scholars have conducted their teaching and research successfully in this department and published more than 100 research papers. The Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology is one of the well equipped departments of the college.

2. Mandate/ Objective :

To impart quality education in Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology.
To strengthen research in Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology.
To participate in the programmes of extension education and help in transfer of technology from lab. to land.

3. Faculty Position :

(i) Dr. Nirbhay Kumar, M.V.Sc.
Asstt. Professor & Head.

(ii) Dr. Archana, M.V.Sc.
Asstt. Professor.

4. Teaching :

(i) U.G. Courses (VCI Syllabus)

Sl. No.	Course No.	Course Title	Credit hrs.	Semester
1.	VPT-311	General and Central Nervous System Pharmacology	2+1	V
2.	VPT-321	Autonomic and Systemic Pharmacology	2+1	VI
3.	VPT-411	Chemotherapy	2+1	VII
4.	VPT-421	Toxicology	2+1	VIII

(ii) P.G. Courses (As per ICAR):

M.V.Sc. Courses :

Sl. No.	Course No.	Course Title	Credit hrs.
1	VPT 601	General Pharmacology	2+0
2	VPT 602	Autanomic and Autacoid Pharmacology	2+1
3	VPT 603	CNS Pharmacology	2+1
4	VPT 604	Digestive and Respiratory Pharmacology	2+0
5	VPT 605	Cardiovascular and Renal Pharmacology	2+0
6	VPT 606	Endocrine and Reproductive Pharmacology	2+0
7	VPT 607	Chemotherapy	2+1
8	VPT 608	Toxicology of Xenobiotics	2+1
9	VPT 609	Toxicology of Plants and Toxins	2+0
10	VPT 610	Pharmacological Techniques	1+1
11	VPT 611	Techniques in Toxicology	1+1
12	VPT 612	Ethnopharmacology	2+0
13	VPT 691	Master’s Seminar	1+0
		Total	23+6=29
14	VPT 699	Master’s Research	20

Ph.D. Courses :

Sl. No.	Course No.	Course Title	Credit hrs.
1	VPT 701	Advances in Neuropharmacology	2+0
2	VPT 702	Autacoid Pharmacology	1+0
3	VPT 703	Pharmacology of Herbal Drugs	2+1
4	VPT 704	Drug Metabolism	2+0
5	VPT 705	Molecular Pharmacology	2+0
6	VPT 706	Pharmacokinetics	2+1
7	VPT 707	Pharmacogenomics	2+0
8	VPT 708	Immunopharmacology	1+0
9	VPT 709	Molecular Toxicology	2+0
10	VPT 710	Clinical Pharmacology	1+1
11	VPT 711	Clinical Toxicology	2+1
12	VPT 712	Ecotoxicology	2+0
13	VPT-713	Regulatory Toxicology	2+1
14	VPT 790	Special Problem	0+2
15	VPT-791	Doctoral Seminar-I	1+0
16	VPT-792	Doctoral Seminar-II	1+0
Total =			25+7=32
17	VPT 799	Doctoral Research	45

N.B. : A Ph.D. student may also take 600 series courses of M.V.Sc. if not studied during Master’s programme.

5. Research :

(i) Post Graduate Research (Curricular):

M.V.Sc. Degree awarded :

Sl. No.	Name of the Student	Year	Title of the thesis
1.	Dr. H.N. Jha	1975	Pharmacology of a few antimicrobiols with special reference to their distribution and excretion in goat.
2.	Dr. S.N. Pandey	1975	Studies on the Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of nitrofuran in goat.
3.	Dr. K.K. Sharan	1977	Pharmacokinetics of sulfamoxole and nitrofurantrin in buffalo calves
4.	Dr. V.K. Jha	1985	Pharmacokinetic study of doxycycline and Democlocycline in goat
5.	Dr. K.D. Yadav	1997	Pharmacokinetic study of ceftriaxone in healthy and febrile goats.
6.	Dr. A.K. Singh	1997	Pharmacokinetic study of cefatoximein healthy and febrile goats.
7.	Dr. M.K. Ansari	1997	Pharmacokinetic study of pefloxacin in healthy and febrile goat.
8.	Dr. C. S. Singh	1998	Pharmacokinetic study of cefazoxime in healthy and febrile goats.
9.	Dr. Saket Kumar	1998	Pharmacokinetic study of cefazoxime in healthy and febrile goats.
10.	Dr. Sudha Kumari	1998	Pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin and its interaction with paracetamol in goats
11.	Dr. Jai Prakash Narayan	1998	Pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin and its interaction with probenecid in goat.
12.	Dr. Sahid Prawez	2000	Pharmacokinetic study of cefutoxime in healthy and febrile goats (Capra hircus)
13.	Dr. A. K. Agrawal	2000	Pharmacokinetic study of amikacin in healthy and febrile goats.
14.	Dr. Uday Kumar	2001	Pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin in healthy and febrile goats.
15.	Dr. Shrawan Kumar	2001	Pharmacokinetic study of enrofloxacin in healthy and febrile goats.
16.	Dr. Param Bodh Kumar	2001	Pharmacokinetic study of tobramycin in healthy and febrile goats.
17.	Dr. Nitesh Kumar	2002	Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its interaction with diclofenic in buffalo calves
18.	Dr. B.K. Mukta	2002	Pharmacokinetic study of amikacin and its interaction with diclofenac in buffalo calves.
19.	Dr. Mukesh Kumar	2003	Pharmacokinetic study of amikacin and its interaction with paracetamol in buffalo calves.
20.	Dr. Sushma Lalita Baxla	2004	Pharmacokinetic study of gentamicin and its interaction with paracetamol in buffalo calves.
21.	Dr. Sanjeev Kumar	2004	Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of meloxican in goats
22.	Dr. Thakur Balwant Singh	2004	Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its interaction with diclofenac in goats.
23.	Dr. Nirbhay Kumar	2004	Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of pefloxacin in goats.
24.	Dr. Deepak Kumar Prasad	2004	Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin and its interactions with diclofenac in goats.
25.	Dr. Anuradha Kumari	2004	Assessment of adverse effect of enrofloxacin in goats.
26.	Dr. Archana	2004	Assessment of adverse effect of invermectin in goats.
27.	Dr. Smita Sinha	2005	Pharmacokinetics and immunplogical effects of krtoprofen in goats
28.	Dr. Pravin Kumar	2005	Phrmacokinetic interaction of enrofloxacin with ketoprofen in goats
29.	Dr. Vijay Kumar Gond	2005	Pharmacokinetics and bio-availability of three commercial preparations of enrofloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration in goats
30.	Dr. Dhiraj Kumar	2007	Pharmacokinetic and immunological interaction of enrofloxacin with ketoprofen with ketoprofen in goats
31.	Dr. Anuranjan Kumar Ravi	2007	Pharmacokinetic interaction of ciprofloxacin with meloxicam in goats
32.	Dr. Ramesh Kumar Nirala	2008	Pharmacokinetic and immunological studies of sparfloxacin in goats

Ph.D. Degree awarded :

Sl. No.	Name of the Student	Year	Title of the thesis
1.	Dr. N.C. Banerjee	1975	Studies on the Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of nitrofuran in goat.
2.	Dr. C. Jayachandran	1995	Pharmacokinetic study of minocycline and oxytetracycline-Long Acting in healthy and febrile goat and buffalo calf.
3.	Dr. Nitesh Kumar	2005	Pharmacokinetics and immunological interactions of pefloxacin and meloxican in goats.

(ii) Research Projects :

List of research project undertaken :

Sl. No.	Name of the Research Project	Funding Agency
1	Distribution of sulphonamides in body fluid of goats.	U.G.C.
2	Pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents with particular reference to their distribution in the uterine fluid, milk and blood of she buffaloes.	D.S.T.
3	Pharmacokinetics and testing of dosage regimen of certain chemotherapeutic agents in healthy and febrile condition in buffalo calf.	I.C.A.R.
4	Studies on the occurrence and stability of aflatoxin in milk and milk products in different agro-climatic areas of Bihar	I.C.A.R.

Ongoing research Projects (Externally Funded)

Sl. No.	Name of the Research Project	Funding Agency
1	Outreach Programme on ‘Monitoring of Drug Residues and Environmental Pollutants’	I.C.A.R.

(iii) Research Achievements :

Loading dose, maintenance dose, and dosage intervals of many antimicrobials viz., different sulphonamides, penicillins (penicillin g & ampicillin), cephalosporins (cephazolin, cefuroxime, ceftizoxime & ceftrioxone), aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin & amikacin), tetracyclines (oxytetracycline, doxycycline & minocycline) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin & sparfloxacin) were suggested in goat and buffalo in normal and febrile condition for the treatment of systemic, uterine, udder and urinary tract infections.
Normally, antimicrobials are combined with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat microbial infections associated with various inflammatory conditions in man and animals. Various studies were conducted and dosage regimen on combination of these two groups of drugs were suggested for veterinarians for the effective treatment.
Studies on immunological interactions of antimicrobials with NSAIDs had shown that which antimicrobials should be combined for better treatment of inflammation (mastitis, endometritis and other inflammatory conditions) in cow, buffalo and goat.

6. Extension :

Participation in various extension activities of college and RAU (Kishan Mela, Kishan Gosthi etc.)
Supplying pharmaceutical preparations of to Veterinary Clinics & Hospitals for therapeutic use in animals.
Several Radio & Television talks have been delivered by the faculty members of the Department from time to time.

7. Publications :

Research : National – 89, International – 14
Extension : NA
Books/Manuals : 2

8. Facilities :

HPLC laboratory with UV & Fluorescent detectors and Computerized control of the system with sufficient power back up is available and functioning in the Department to study the various drugs and their metabolites was set up under ICAR scheme which was recently upgraded and operated through computer program. Recently fluorescent detector has been purchased which is highly sensitive to detect aflatoxins and various insecticides in milk and tissues of animals.
A good microbiological assay laboratory with all available instruments like laminar flow, refrigerated centrifuge etc. had been purchased under DST & ICAR schemes.
Immunological studies were carried out. Facilities like deep freeze and various chemicals were purchased under SAU fund of ICAR. RAU also supported the programme for carrying out P.G. and Ph.D. studies with some grants.

9. Seminar/Symposia organized :

The Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology organized the 6th Annual Conference of Indian Society of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology (ISVPT) and National Symposia on “Emerging role of biotechnology in production of veterinary drugs”, “Recent trends in development of herbal drugs: Challenges and Opportunities” and “Toxicological impacts of environmental and industrial chemicals” from 23-25 Nov. 2006 with financial assistance of DBT, DST, ICMR and CSIR.

10. Any other information :

Dr. Allauddin Ahmad, Ex-Head of this Department became Vice-Chancellors of SKUAS&T, J&K and Hamdard University. He also occupied the position of Dy. Director General (Education), ICAR.
Research work of the Department quoted by the standard International text book of Veterinary Pharmacology i.e. Adams ‘ The Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics’ 8th Edition, 2000 (Page No. 803, 817,827, 835 & 839).
Dr. Mani Kant Singh and Dr. Shankar Dayal Singh, Ex-Chairmen of this Department occupied the positions of Dean-cum-Principal of Bihar Veterinary College, Patna.