Veterinary Microbiology

1. About The Department :

This department is operative since inception of the college in 1930 and 62 M.V.Sc. and Ph.D Scholar has been awarded degree in this discipline. More than 250 research publications in different national and international journals have been made. This department has undertaken 9 research projects funded by ICAR & other agencies out of which 2 are presently running. Resultantly the Department of Microbiology is very rich in infrastructure facilities. The staff in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology is engaged with teaching of UG and PG students of Veterinary Microbiology and applied research in diagnostic microbiology of animal diseases. They offer lectures, seminars and practical training to undergraduate and post graduate students wishing to pursue training in any combination of the following subjects:- Bacteriology, virology, mycology, immunology. The department has been active in the research on Foot and Mouth Disease, New Castle disease, Infectious Bursal Disease, Peste des petits Ruminat Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, Mastitis, Mycotic mastitis and abortion, Blue tongue etc.The thrust area of research includes pathogenic bacteria, virus and fungi. The mission of this department is to promote development through high quality education, research, consultancy and extension services in the specialty fields of Microbiology, Molecular biology and Biotechnology. The beneficiaries include students of veterinary and animal science. The department offers scientific advice to all institutions that seek such specialized information. Outreach activities range from specialized diagnostic services to professional consultancy on the control of animal diseases of microbial origin.

2. Mandate / Objective :

To cater the needs of Undergraduate and Post graduate studies leading to B. V. Sc. &A.H., M. V. Sc. and Ph. D. in the discipline.
To carry out researches on different Bacteriological, Virological, Immunological and Mycological diseases in order to prevent and fight the existing dreadful and contagious diseases in order to prevent and fight the existing dreadful and contagious disease as well as to find out measures to prevent and control the emerging disease caused by different micro organism.
Bacteriological, Virological and Immuniological and Mycological investigation of materials received from different sources and thus aiding into diagnosis.
Educating livestock owners and farmers regarding various diseases of livestock and poultry through television, radio talk and popular article.

3. Faculty & Staff Position :

(i) Dr Manoj Kumar, M.V.Sc., Ph. D,
Assistant Professor-cum- Junior Scientist & Head

(ii) Dr Sudha Kumari, M.V.Sc,
Assistant Professor-cum- Junior Scientist

4. Teaching :

(i) U.G. Programme (as per VCI Syllabus)

Sl. No.	Course No.	Course Title	Cr.Hrs.
1	VMC-211	General Veterinary Microbiology	2+1
2	VMC-221	Veterinary Immunology and Serology	2+1
3	VMC-311	Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology	2+1
4	VMC-321	General & Systemic Veterinary Virology	2+1
5	VLD-411	Laboratory diagnosis	0+2
6	VLD-511	Laboratory diagnosis	0+2

(ii) P.G. Progrmme (as per ICAR Syllabus)

M.V.Sc. Courses :

Sl. No.	Course No.	Course Title	Credit hrs.
1	VMC 601	Bacteriology-I	3+1
2	VMC 602	Bacteriology-II	3+1
3	VMC 603	Veterinary Mycology	1+1
4	VMC 604	General Virology	2+1
5	VMC 605	Systematic Animal Virology	3+1
6	VMC 606	Principles of Immunology	2+1
7	VMC 607	Vaccinology	2+0
8	VMC 608	Diagnostics of infectious diseases	1+2
9	VMC 609	Techniques in microbiology and immunology	0+3
10	VMC 691	Master’s Seminar	1+0
		Total	18+11=29
11	VMC 699	Master’s Research	20

Ph.D. Courses :

Sl. No.	Course No.	Course Title	Credit hrs.
1	VMC 701	Advances in Bacteriology	2+1
2	VMC 702	Advances in Mycology	2+1
3	VMC 703	Bacterial Genetics	2+1
4	VMC 704	Microbial Toxins	2+1
5	VMC 705	Molecular Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenesis	2+1
6	VMC 706	Advances in Virology	2+1
7	VMC 707	Molecular and Genetic aspects of Viral Pathogenesis	2+1
8	VMC 708	Structure function relationship of DNA and RNA virus	3+0
9	VMC 709	Oncogenic viruses	2+0
10	VMC 710	Slow viral infections and prions	2+0
11	VMC 711	Molecular immunology	2+1
12	VMC 712	Advances in cellular immunology	2+1
13	VMC 713	Cytokines and immunomodulators	2+0
14	VMC 714	Advances in vaccinology	2+0
15	VMC 715	Advances in immunodiagnostics	1+1
16	VMC 716	Modern immunotechnology	1+2
17	VMC 717	Current topics in infection and immunity	3+0
18	VMC 718	Veterinary microbial biotechnology	2+1
19	VMC 790	Special problems	0+2
20	VMC 791	Doctoral Seminar I	1+0
21	VMC 792	Doctoral Seminar II	1+0
Total :			37+15=52
22	VMC 799	Doctoral Research	45

N.B. : A Ph.D. student may also take 600 series courses of M.V.Sc. if not studied during Master’s programme.

5. Research :

(i) Post Graduate Research (Curricular) :

M.V.Sc. Degree awarded :

Sl. No.	Name of the Student	Year	Title of the thesis
1.	Dr. S. C. Srivastava	1962	Antigenic structure of Pasteurella multocida type-I
2.	Dr. Sidheshwar Prasad	1963	Antigenic structure of Bacillus anthracis
3.	Dr. N. C. Nag	1964	Serological and Physiological characters of staphylococci isolated from bovine udder.
4.	Dr. S. A. Ansari	1965	Study of the prevalence of E. Coli and Salmonella in the intestinal tract of calves in health and in enteric disorders.
5.	Dr. A. Kumar	1965	Aerobic bacterial flora of upper respiratory tract of calves in health and in enteric disorders.
6.	Dr. G. Saran	1965	Bacteriological studies on suspected cases of infertility in cattle and sheep with particular reference to Vibrio, Brucella and PPLO.
7.	Dr. M. N. Sinha	1966	Study of intestinal clostridia of goats with special reference to Clostridium welchii.
8.	Dr. A. N. Narulla	1966	Study of Aerobic bacterial flora of gastro intestinal tract of poultry in health and disease with special reference to E.coli
9.	Dr. K. P. Reddy	1966	Studies on bacterial flora of respiratory tract of poultry with special reference to PPLO
10.	Dr. C. R. Prasad	1967	Study of the staphylococcal flora in milk from apparently healthy udder.
11.	Dr. S. G. Mullick	1967	Study of the aerobic flora of public health importance in goats.
12.	Dr. B. K. Tiwary	1967	Entero pathogens of cattle, goats, and poultry with a view to determine the epidemiology.
13.	Dr. M. A. Mangyaulli	1967	Bacterial flora of respiratory tract of cattle and goats.
14.	Dr. A. K. Sinha	1970	An experimental study of combined vaccine against H.S. and B.Q.
15.	Dr. H. N. Verma	1971	Experimental studies on the pathology of fowl pox in chickens.
16.	Dr. Sabir Anjum	1971	Bacterial flora including Mycobacteria of the respiratory tract of cattle and buffalo in Bihar.
17.	Dr. A. P. Verma	1971	Studies on the incidence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli in sheep and goats in health and enteric disorders.
18.	Dr. P. K. Mohanty	1973	Studies on E. coli and Salmonella infections in poultry.
19.	Dr. S. N. Sinha	1973	Detailed studies of certain serotypes of E. coli especially associated in colibacillosis in poultry.
20.	Dr. Mohammed Sayeed	1973	Bacteriological study of bovine mastitis.
21.	Dr. K. P. Dhakal	1974	Detailed studies of certain serotypes of E. coli especially associated with calf.
22.	Dr. P. Dutta	1975	Immunological response in blood sera of buffalo calves and rabbits against Pasteurella multocida using different adjuvants.
23.	Dr. P. C. Verma	1975	Microbiological study of eternal ear of dogs and buffaloes in healthy and in diseases condition (Otitis externa) in Bihar with special reference to antibiotic sensitivity test in vitro.
24.	Dr. Ashok Kumar	1977	Studies on enteric infection in calves with special reference to Salmonellosis.
25.	Dr. V. K. Mehrotra	1977	A comparative study of bacterial flora of the genital tract of healthy and infertile cows, buffaloes and antibiotic sensitivity tests of the isolates.
26.	Dr. N. K. Sharma	1978	Bacteriological examination of the dead shell chick embryos which die during incubation in and around Patna.
27.	Dr. R. C. Sinha	1978	Correlation of age, sex and breed of cattle and buffaloes of organizes farms and goshalas of Bihar with respect of tuberculin reaction.
28.	Dr. V. Choudhary	1979	Bacteriological quality of bull semen.
29.	Dr. V. K. Sinha	1979	Bacteriological studies on bovine and canine conjunctivae in healthy and diseased condition.
30.	Dr. Dharmendra Sinha	1980	Carrier state of Salmonella and Citrobacter infection in calves, goats and its public health importance.
31.	Dr. J. C. Debnath	1980	Effect of Pasteurella multocida and its endotoxins on blood coagulation and electrolyte in buffalo calves and rabbits.
32.	Dr. Arun Prasad	1980	Studies on the aerobic bacteria and fungi of respiratory tract of poultry in health and disease.
33.	Dr. Shyama Prasad	1981	Study on the association of fungi with female genital tract of cattle in health and genital disorders.
34.	Dr. A. K. Sinha	1984	Studies on mycoflora of respiratory tract of goats in healthy and disease.
35.	Dr. Bipin Kumar	1984	Studies on Mycoplasma from the genital and respiratory tracts of cattle and buffaloes.
36.	Dr. Pramod Kumar	1984	Studies on comparative efficacy of different techniques for the detection of foot and mouth disease virus.
37.	Dr. S. Brahamachary	1985	Studies on the antibody response of cattle to FMD virus type ‘Asia-I’ after infection and vaccination.
38.	Dr. U. K. Gupta	1985	Studies on the immune response of cattle to FMD virus types ‘O’, ‘A’, ‘C’, and ‘Asia-I’ after vaccination.
39.	Dr. Sanjay Kumar Sinha	1987	Study on cell mediated immune response in mice to FMD virus serotype “O”.
40.	Dr. (Mrs.) Neelam Kumari	1987	Study on fungi associated with poultry feeds with particular reference to Aflatoxin and its in-vivo effect.
41.	Dr. Adarsha Pradhan	1991	Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasmas from the respiratory tracts of goats in health and disease.
42.	Dr. Sunil Kumar Verma	1991	Studies on infectious Bursal Disease virus infection in chickens with reference to seroprevalence, Immunosuppression and Immunomodulation.
43.	Dr. Jitendra Kumar Singh	1993	Seroprevalence and pathogenicity of Egg drop syndrome 1976 virus in chickens.
44.	Dr. Kumud Kumar	1997	Prevalence of maternal antibody and its influence on the vaccination against infectious bursal disease in chickens.
45.	Dr. Sunil Kumar	1997	Seroprevalence of Ranikhet disease in unvaccinated poultry and pathogenicity of avirulent R.D. virus in immunosuppressed chickens.
46.	Dr. Anjali Kumari Sinha	1997	Seroprevalence, Isolation & Immunosuppressive effect of infectious Bursal disease virus in chickens.
47.	Dr. Nitesh Kumar	1998	Effect on Immune system of experimentally induced Aflatoxicosis is rabbits.
48.	Dr. Sanjay Kumar	1998	Immune response of Invasive intermediate strain infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in broiler chickens.
49.	Dr. B. B. Khadka	1999	Studies on Aflatoxicosis of buffalo calves with special reference to Humoral and cell mediated immune response.
50.	Dr. Girish Kumar Sinha	2000	Studies on Aflatoxin contamination in poultry feeds and role of some indigenous substances on Aflatoxin productions.
51.	Dr. Mithilesh Kumar	2000	Effect of selected agents on immunomodulation in chickens immunocompromised by a vaccine strain of infections bursal disease virus.
52.	Dr. Subhash Chandra Hindustani	2000	Efficacy of certain agents on enhancement of immune responses to Intermediate plus infections Bursal disease virus vaccine in Broiler chickens.
53.	Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Tiway	2000	Studies on level of Aflatoxin in cattle in relation to certain clinical conditions.
54.	Dr. (Mrs.) Rekha Teresa Kujur	2001	Evaluation of certain Immunomodulatory agents in countering immunosuppressive effects of a vaccine strain of infectious Bursal disease virus in chicken.
55.	Dr. (Mrs.) Anamika	2002	Effects of Aflatoxin on immune response to invasive intermediate strain IBD viral vaccine in broiler chicken.
56.	Dr. Manoj Kumar	2002	Efficacy of certain agents in controlling immunosuppressive effects of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Chickens.
57.	Dr. Alok Singh	2003	Studies on Seroprevalence of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in Bovine in and around Patna.
58.	Dr. Bhagirath Prasad	2003	Distribution of antibody titre to Ranikhet disease virus in Immunocompromised chicken.
59.	Dr. Jay Prakesh	2003	Studies on seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in and around Patna.
60.	Dr. Umesh Prasad	2004	Serotype and Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli from digestive tract of pigs.
61.	Dr. Shashi Sinha	2004	Studies on prevalence of FMD virus serotypes in and around Patna.
62.	Dr. Akhileshwar Thakur	2004	Comparative serological studies on caprine brucellosis in and around Patna.
63.	Dr. Shashi Bhushan Sudhakar	2006	Isolation and identification of dermatophytes in apparently healthy skin and skin with clinical lesion in different breeds of dogs.
64.	Dr. R. S. Rajmani	2006	Studies on the association of microbes in eggs with special reference to toxigenic fungi.

Ph.D. Degree awarded :

Sl. No.	Name of the Student	Year	Title of the thesis
1.	Dr. Manoj Kumar	2005	Antigenic, pathogenic, immunogenic and molecular characterization of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus.

(ii) Research Projects:
List of research project undertaken :

Sl. No.	Name of the Research Project	Funding Agency
1	Studies on aflatoxin in milk and milk products in different agro-climatic areas of Bihar	ICAR, New Delhi
2	Animal health information System through Disease Monitoring and Surveillance	ICAR, New Delhi
3	Studies on Immunobiology and pathology of aflatoxin in animals and men in Bihar including its tribal areas	ICAR, New Delhi
4	Studies on epidemiology, treatment and prevention of gangrenous syndrome in rural buffaloes and cattle in Bihar	ICAR, New Delhi
5	Comparative evaluation of different agents in controlling immunosuppressive effects of infectious Bursal Disease virus in chickens	ICAR, New Delhi
6	To study the unresponsiveness of Kalaazar patients to antileishmania	D.S.T., New Delhi
7	International mycotoxin cheque sample programme	W.H.O., Geneva
8	Systematic study of bacterial isolates from milk samples, effect of microbial contamination of the milk and their Public Health importance (JARO)	ICAR, New Delhi
9	All India co-ordinated Research Project for Epidemiological Studies on Foot and Mouth disease.	ICAR, New Delhi
10	Studies on mycotoxin from livestock and the effect of aflatoxin on immune response of poultry and laboratory animals.	RAU, Pusa
11	Immune profile of buffalo in health and disease	RAU, Pusa
12	Investigation into mycotic disease of livestock and zoo animals	RAU, Pusa
13	Studies on the enzymatic activity of fungi	RAU, Pusa
14	Association of fungi in the genital tract of infertile cows and buffaloes	RAU, Pusa
15	Survey and control of tuberculosis in livestock and poultry. Execution of its control and eradication programme (JARO)	Govt. of Bihar, Patna, Bihar

Ongoing research Projects (Externally Funded) :

Sl. No.	Name of the Research Project	Funding Agency
1	All India Coordinated Research Projects for Epidemiological Studies on Foot and Mouth Disease	ICAR, New Delhi
2	Studies on reproductive diseases of cattle under field condition of Bihar”	ICAR, New Delhi

(iii) Research Achievements :

Altogether 1853 samples comprising 594 (37.88%) human food, 368 (51.63%) animal feed, 78 (56.4%) poultry feeds, 82 (13.42%) meat samples, 328 (18.90%) animal biological fluid and 403 (17.16%) human biological fluids were collected and processed for aflatoxin assay. The aflatoxin were estimated by feeding the toxin in buffalo and haematological biochemical and immunological profile were studied. Histopathological studies of different organ were studied with special emphasis on liver. The result was indicative of typical impact of aflatoxicosis.
For the active surveillance sera samples were collected from 431 animals. Out of which 3679 were cattle, 1810 were buffalo and 256 goats. Till to-day 360 sera samples were subjected to AB-ELISA test to detect antibodies against Brucalla and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR).
The network unit of AICRP on FMD is operative from November, 2000 and till date 934 FMD outbreaks have been studied covering cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep and pigs, out of which 771 were found positive and serotyped. The prevalence rate of FMD employing 3AB3 NSP based ELISA (DIVA) has been done and the prevalence rate of FMD was established to the tune of 26.71%.

6. Extension :

Advisory to the farmers pertaining to prevention and control of important infectious disease including foot and mouth disease.
Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial, viral and fungal diseases and culture sensitivity of suspected samples.

7. Publications:

Research : National - 250, International – 15, Books/Manuals : 06

8. Facilities :

Detection of aflatoxin in feed and biological fluids.
Immunological techniques like, HA, HI, Sandwich ELISA, LPB ELISA and Recombinant 3AB3 NSP based ELISA (DIVA test).
Isolation and identification of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.

9. Seminar/Symposia organized :

National symposium on Aflatoxicosis in relation to human and animal health was held on 11th & 12th June, 1989, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna-14

10. Any other information :

Assisted the scientist of Livestock and Fisheries Improvement and Management Programme (LFIMP),ICAR Complex for Eastern Region, B.V.College, Patna) in the project “Studies on reproductive diseases of cattle under field condition of Bihar”.
The pre and post vaccination serum samples were collected as per the protocol. The antibody titre assessment was done employing LPB ELISA.
The screening of milk of cow suffering from mastitis was carried out which included isolation and identification of causative organism and antibiotic sensitivity test.
Trial of FMD monovalent vaccine (′O′ strain) has been approved by the Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease (PD-FMD), IVRI Campus, Mukteshwar. It will commence its strain selection; formulation and farm animal model trial as part of the National FMD control programme as per the OIE/FAO vision.